Well, Its not really a rocket motor , but a motor used onboard rockets, 

Russia’s global space navigation system Glonass is available for India to use, Russia’s defense minister said Monday. Sergei Ivanov, who is also a deputy prime minister, said Moscow and New Delhi had agreed to launch Glonass M satellites with the help of Indian carrier rockets, and to create new-generation navigation satellites.
“Two agreements are to be signed to develop cooperation on the program during the Russian president’s forthcoming visit [January 25-26],” Ivanov said.
Earlier, the head of Russia’s Federal Space Agency, Anatoly Perminov, said Russia and India plan to jointly use Glonass.
Glonass, a Russian version of the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS), is designed for both military and civilian purposes, and allows users to identify their positions in real time. It can also be used in geological prospecting.
President Vladimir Putin ordered in December 2005 that the system be ready by 2008 and in March this year Ivanov said Glonass will be available to domestic consumers for military as well for civilian purposes by the end of 2007.
Perminov said earlier Russia is in talks with the United States and the European Space Agency to prepare agreements on the use of Glonass jointly with GPS and Galileo satellite navigation systems.
The agency plans to have 18 satellites in orbit by late 2007 or early 2008, and a full orbital group of 24 satellites by the end of 2009, he said.
In November Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said Russia will lift all precision restrictions, from the start of 2007, in the use of Glonass to enable accurate and unlimited commercial use of the military-controlled global positioning system. Current restrictions limit the accuracy for civilian users of Glonass to 30 meters.
The first launch under the Glonass program took place October 12, 1982, but the system was only formally launched September 24, 1993.
Andrei Kozlov, the head of the Reshetnev Research and Production Center in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, Russia’s leading spacecraft manufacturer, said earlier the Glonass system has 13 satellites in orbit.
The satellites currently in use are of two modifications – Glonass and its updated version Glonass-M. Glonass-M has a longer service life of seven years and is equipped with updated antenna feeder systems and an additional navigation frequency for civilian users.
A future modification, Glonass-K, is an entirely new model based on a non-pressurized platform, standardized to the specifications of the previous models’ platform, Express-1000.
Glonass-Ks’ estimated service life has been increased to 10-12 years and a third “civilian” L-range frequency was added.
Tests on Glonass-K satellites are scheduled for 2007

Russia And China Could Sign Moon Exploration Pact In 2006

One big happy moon family.

Russia and China may conclude a Moon exploration agreement by the end of the year, the head of the Russian Space Agency said. China has already successfully launched into orbit two manned space vehicles. Its first manned flight three years ago made it the third country to launch a human being into space on its own, after Russia and the U.S.
“I can say that as a result of the Russian-Chinese space sub-commission’s work, our priority is a joint program on Moon exploration,” Anatoly Perminov said. “A number of contracts have been signed involving both Russian and Chinese enterprises.”
“We are currently working on the Moon as partners, and we have concluded that Russia and China have moved beyond their previous relationship, when China was a buyer and we [Russia] were a seller,” Perminov said.
He also said he received an invitation to visit leading air and space enterprises in Shanghai.
“China is now a leading space power – right now, only three countries explore space intensively, namely Russia, the United States and China,” he said.
Perminov said the Russian-Chinese Space Exploration Commission will hold a concluding session in Beijing by the end of 2006, and that the Russian delegation will be led by Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov.
“The work of our sub-commission should create a favorable context for the visit of our [Russian] prime minister to China,” he said. “We have already adopted a cooperation program with China for 2007-2009.”
Perminov also said China may sign a contract to participate in a Russian project to bring soil back from one of Mars’ moons – Phobos.
“One of the directions we are working in is a flight to Phobos, with Chinese participation, which will bring back some of its soil to Earth,” Perminov said. “We plan to reach the final stage [of our talks] by the end of 2006, possibly even by the start of the sub-commission’s work under Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov

Mark Psiaki, left, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, hooks up an experimental GPS/Galileo digital storage receiver and patch antenna with the assistance of graduate students Todd Humphreys, center, and Shan Mohiuddin in Rhodes Hall. by Staff WritersIthaca NY (SPX) Jul 19, 2006Members of Cornell’s Global Positioning System Laboratory have cracked the so-called pseudo random number codes of Europe’s first global navigation satellite, despite efforts to keep the codes secret. That means free access for consumers who use navigation devices – including handheld receivers and systems installed in vehicles – that need PRNs to listen to satellites.The codes and the methods used to extract them were published in the June issue of GPS World.
The navigational satellite, called the GIOVE-A, for Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element-A, is a prototype for 30 satellites that by 2010 will constitute Galileo, a $4-billion joint venture of the European Union, European Space Agency and private investors. Galileo is Europe’s answer to the U.S. GPS system.
Because GPS satellites, which were put into orbit by the Department of Defense, are funded by U.S. taxpayers, the signal is free — consumers need only purchase a receiver. Galileo, on the other hand, must make money to reimburse its investors — presumably by charging a fee for PRN codes.
Because Galileo and GPS will share frequency bandwidths, Europe and the United States signed an agreement whereby some of Galileo’s PRN codes must be “open source.” Nevertheless, after broadcasting its first signals on Jan. 12, 2006, none of GIOVE-A’s codes had been made public.
In late January, Mark Psiaki, an aerospace engineer at Cornell and co-leader of the GPS Laboratory, requested the codes from Martin Unwin at Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd., one of three privileged groups in the world with the PRN codes.
“In a very polite way, he said, ‘Sorry, goodbye,'” recalled Psiaki. Next, Psiaki contacted Oliver Montenbruck, a friend and colleague in Germany, and discovered that he also wanted the codes. “Even Europeans were being frustrated,” said Psiaki. “Then it dawned on me: Maybe we can pull these things off the air, just with an antenna and lots of signal processing.”
Within one week Psiaki’s team developed a basic algorithm to extract the codes. Two weeks later they had their first signal from the satellite, but were thrown off track because the signal’s repeat period was twice that expected. By mid-March they derived their first estimates of the code, and — with clever detective work and an important tip from Montenbruck — published final versions on their Web site on April 1. Two days later, NovAtel Inc., a Canadian-based major manufacturer of GPS receivers, downloaded the codes from the Web site in a few minutes and soon afterward began tracking GIOVE-A for the first time.
Galileo eventually published PRN codes in mid-April, but they weren’t the codes currently used by the GIOVE-A satellite. Furthermore, the same publication labeled the open source codes as intellectual property, claiming a license is required for any commercial receiver. “That caught my eye right away,” said Psiaki. “Apparently they were trying to make money on the open source code.”
Afraid that cracking the code might have been copyright infringement, Psiaki’s group sought outside help. “We were told that cracking the encryption of creative content, like music or a movie, is illegal, but the encryption used by a navigation signal is fair game,” said Psiaki. The upshot: The Europeans cannot copyright basic data about the physical world, even if the data are coming from a satellite that they built.
“Imagine someone builds a lighthouse,” argued Psiaki. “And I’ve gone by and see how often the light flashes and measured where the coordinates are. Can the owner charge me a licensing fee for looking at the light? … No. How is looking at the Galileo satellite any different?”
Other authors of the GPS World article are Cornell colleagues Paul Kintner, Todd Humphreys, Shan Mohiuddin, Alessandro Cerruti and Steven Powell

New Horizons Crosses The Asteroid Belt

New Horizons has entered the main asteroid belt and will be traversing this part of our solar system through August. May, like April, was a busy month for New Horizons’ instrument payload commissioning. In particular, our instruments LORRI, PEPSSI, Alice and Ralph all continued their in in-flight checkouts.In addition, the spacecraft itself received a new suite of onboard fault-protection autonomy software, resolving a number of needed bug fixes discovered in ground and flight testing.
We continue to see software-induced guidance computer resets once or twice per month on average, but the spacecraft recovers flawlessly from these, without any interruption to plans. New software for this computer is in the works and will resolve the bug that causes this; we expect to have it tested and aboard the spacecraft around Oct. 1.
Highlights of our payload-commissioning activities included door openings for PEPSSI (May 3), Alice (May 20) and Ralph (May 29). The Student Dust Counter registered each of these events at the precise time of the door openings by the noise they made on the spacecraft.
Each of these instruments also saw first light, i.e., detecting signals from stars (Ralph) or the interplanetary medium (PEPSSI and Alice). From these tests we appear to have a little higher-than-spec sensitivity with Ralph’s color and panchromatic cameras.
We also found that Alice’s background counts are only about half of what we predicted, indicating the RTG induces a significantly lower background than we estimated before launch. This lower background rate will substantially enhance Alice’s signal-to-noise ratio on faint spectral features.
From the Alice, Ralph, and PEPSSI testing this month, we can continue to say, from all of the data surrounding the careful, step-by-step instrument-commissioning activities to date, that our instrument payload continues to look like it’s performing as well or better than predicted from ground testing. This is a testament to the exacting engineering that went into their development.
In other news for May, we began to finalize the suite of Jupiter observations planned for next year during our Jupiter flyby, and we continued to track New Horizons to determine whether a fine course correction will be needed this fall. So far, none appears necessary, but the final verdict won’t be in until we have about another 90 to 100 days of tracking.
Planning activities began in May for the 60 day checkouts we’ll perform each year during Cruise 2, also known as Glen’s Glide: the coast from Jupiter to Pluto.
From 2008 to 2011, these checkouts will occur in the fall of each year, but in 2012, 2013 and 2014 the checkouts will occur in the summer. The summertime checkouts will occur in 2012 and 2014 because we’ll be rehearsing the Pluto encounter aboard the spacecraft during these checkouts, and we want the Earth-Sun geometry at rehearsal time to reproduce faithfully what will occur at the encounter, in the summer of 2015. The 2013 checkout provides a backup opportunity for an additional rehearsal if one becomes necessary.
I’ll now turn to the “water cooler news story” of the month for New Horizons: In early May, we got word from Lockheed-Martin that tourists in the Bahamas found several large pieces of our Atlas V 551 launch vehicle’s nose fairing that had washed up on shore.
Now, turn to the significance of our current location: deep in the solar system’s main asteroid belt. This region comprises a handful of dwarf planets, such as Ceres – itself 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) in diameter – and literally millions of debris bits created by collisions between asteroids.
These small bodies range in size from mountains to objects as large as 100 kilometers (62 miles) across. The asteroid belt also contains innumerable boulders, rocks and dust motes created by the same collisions.
The first spacecraft to transit the asteroid belt was NASA’s Pioneer 10, which made its epic crossing in 1972 on the way to the historic first encounter of a spacecraft with Jupiter.
Later, Pioneer 11, Voyagers 1 and 2, Galileo, Cassini, NEAR and Ulysses have all made the same kind of journey across the main belt. Now it is our turn.
Fortunately, the asteroid belt is so huge that, despite its large population of small bodies, the chance of running into one is almost vanishingly small – far less than one in a billion. That means if you want to come close enough to an asteroid to make detailed studies of it, you have to aim for one.
The first such asteroid flyby was made by Galileo in October 1991, and Galileo made a second asteroid encounter in 1994.
Other spacecraft, most notably the NEAR (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) mission, also have made close main-belt-asteroid flybys, yielding important geological and geophysical insights into these bodies.
Galileo made the first discovery of an asteroid satellite in its 1991 flyby of Gaspra. Since then, ground-based observers have found dozens of asteroid satellites.
In addition to main belt asteroid flybys, NASA’s NEAR and the Japanese Hayabusa mission both have made orbital rendezvous and landings on asteroids closer to Earth.
Next year, NASA plans to launch the Dawn Discovery mission to orbit two of the largest asteroids: Vesta and Ceres. Dawn will arrive in orbit about Vesta in 2012, and will reach Ceres, the largest asteroid, in August 2015, just a month or so after New Horizons encounters Pluto.
A long time ago, we considered the possibility of targeting a close asteroid flyby with New Horizons during our main belt traverse. As the mission’s principal investigator, I rejected this early on for two reasons.
First, such an encounter would take about half of our Kuiper Belt fuel to accomplish. Second, even for this amount of fuel, the only asteroids we could hope to reach would be tiny – just a few kilometers across.
Though such an encounter certainly would be scientifically useful, it couldn’t be justified for the amount of fuel it would cost us – after all, our job is to reconnoiter bodies in the Kuiper belt with that fuel, not the asteroid belt.
As a result, we specifically decided not to target any asteroid, but after launch we did conduct a thorough search for chance encounters along our trajectory. Just the statistics of such chance encounters indicated that we might expect to pass perhaps 1 million to 3 million kilometers (620,000 to 1.8 million miles) from a small asteroid by chance as we transited the main belt. We found several such opportunities back in February.
As it turned out, we got more than what we expected: In early May we also discovered we’d pass within just 104,000 kilometers (63,000 miles) of the little-known asteroid 2002 JF56 on June 13. This little mountain-sized body is only 3 kilometers to 5 kilometers (1.9 miles to 3.1 miles) across, and virtually nothing is known about it – not even its compositional type or rotational period.
We cannot resolve something as small as 2002 JF56 from this distance with Ralph (LORRI, which has higher resolution cannot open its door until late August to guard against accidental Sun pointings), but the June 13 encounter with 2002 JF56 is still going to be useful to New Horizons.
The primary use of this distant flyby will be to test Ralph’s optical navigation and moving-target tracking capabilities. We also will be able to get a handle on the asteroid’s light curve, composition, phase curve, and perhaps even refine its diameter, if all goes as planned.
The event is really a flight test, so we aren’t guaranteeing anything but a best effort. If it works, you’ll see images that just barely resolve the asteroid into perhaps one or two pixels and perhaps a spectrum of this chip off some larger body.
More important, of course, we will gain some valuable experience that will yield benefits at both the Jupiter and Pluto flybys, so we’re excited to give this a try. Stay tuned, we’ll report on the results at mid-month on our Web site.
Other flight
activities for June will center on SWAP instrument testing, Ralph instrument calibrations and beam-mapping observations for our high gain antenna and REX (radio science) instrument.
By July Fourth, we’ll be 3 AU from the Sun. Although the sunlight there is still 100 times as strong as it is on the brightest day at Pluto, it’ll be about 10 times dimmer than at Earth’s orbit. Less than six months into a 114 month journey to Pluto, New Horizons is beginning to reach the cooler thermal conditions it was designed to thrive in!
That’s all I have for now. So, until next time, keep exploring.